![]() Those virtual photons, localised in proximity of the quantum emitter Peropadre et al. ( 1986), showing it has the form of a two-modes squeezed vacuum, containing a population of virtual photons. The form of such a coupled ground state was initially calculated analytically in Ref. In this regime the strength of the light-matter interaction is large enough to hybridise the uncoupled electromagnetic vacuum | 0 ⟩ with excited states, leading to a novel coupled polaritonic ground state | P ⟩. ( 2018) it is suggested that spectrally-resolved electro-optical sampling of QVF could provide a first direct evidence of the presence of virtual photons in the ground state of a system in the ultrastrong light-matter coupling regime Frisk Kockum et al. Such a technique could a priori reveal itself a useful tool to investigate the ground state properties of interacting systems, but to which point it can be used to probe the structure of the quantum vacuum is presently unknown.
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